Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Literature

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Literature This essay focuses on the search and exploration of three pieces of literature related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This includes one government guideline and two research articles covering different nursing angles of the condition. An analysis of how the search was conducted, the main findings and rationale for the chosen articles. Finally, a demonstration of understanding with the use of additional literature to analyse, identify and explore how it will influence the nursing care of patients with COPD. Search Strategy. PubMed was the chosen search database as supposed to other databases like Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) because PubMed presented more articles with clear and precise titles, therefore enabling the writer to identify its significance (Macnee and McCabe, 2008). The writer firstly chose a topic, which was ‘self-management for people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease’. Harvard (2007) further suggests that when conducting an effective and valid literature search it is important to identify a topic to enable the search results to be applicable and relevant. In-order to be more specific the writer identified key words from the chosen topic, and implemented Boolean operators, which concluded to ‘Self-Management AND COPD’, this was inserted and resulted to 1127 hits. According to Barker, Barker and Pinard (2011), Boolean operators such as ‘AND, OR, NOT, AND NOT’ are simple words used to join or exclude key wor ds in a search. PubMed included search options such as full text and abstracts available, language, age range, gender and publication dates which were utilised to enable the user to narrow the search to an optimal amount (refer to Appendix 1 and 2). The search was narrowed from 1127 hits to 95 hits, from which this article was selected, titled ‘Self-management support for moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’. This article was chosen because the authors used current evidence to support and justify the outcomes and findings of their study. Boswell and Cannon (2011) suggest that a research study that incorporates current and relevant evidence to analyse their study is more likely to be reliable. The second research article was selected using different key words, which was ‘Pulmonary Rehabilitation AND COPD’. The writer retained the same search options used to find the first article, this narrowed the search to an ideal amount, from 479 to 38 hits (refer to Appendix 1and 2). This article was selected because it identified the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation in connection to improving quality of life and reduced hospital admissions. The authors validated their aims by analysing current evidence that supports the need to promote pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients following a discharge from hospital. United Kingdom. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2010). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care. London: NICE. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2011) released a guideline titled ‘Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease for Adults in Primary and Secondary care’. The writer was able to find this Guideline simply by inserting ‘Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease’ into the NICE database, which resulted to 138 hits. The writer then narrowed the search by selecting ‘Guidance’, which is an option provided; this further narrowed the hits to 37, from which this guideline was selected. This guideline defines COPD as a chronic disorder caused by frequent airflow obstruction with symptoms like persistent and progressive breathlessness, chronic cough and limited exercise ability. It is estimated that COPD is UK’s fifth biggest killer with 3.2 million people living with the condition, this support the importance of delivering high quality care, which NHS England (2014) defines as providing a positive experience of care that is clinically effective and safe. The National Institute of Health (2013) further suggest that there is yet to be a cure for this disease. The aim and objectives of this guideline is to offer the best professional practice advice on a patient centred approach to caring for COPD patients. The British Lung Foundation (2013) additionally suggests that this guideline will help the health care professionals such as the nurses to identify the types of care COPD patients should be receiving, as they are frequently the first point of contact and are involved in all aspects of care. NICE (2011) guideline also defines the symptoms, signs and investigations required to establish a diagnosis. Bellamy and Smith (2007) support that the key to early diagnosis is recognising the signs and symptoms such as frequent coughs, chronic sputum production, breathlessness and a history of exposure to tobacco smoke to aid in diagnosing the patient. The guideline also looks at the necessary factors to assess the severity of the disease and guide best management in both acute and community settings so that it is applicable to all settings and professionals. This guideline was chosen because it considers most issues that are important in the management of people with COPD, integrates published evidence in areas of uncertainty that could possibly need further research and is useful to all professionals involved in the care of COPD. According to British Lung Foundation (2013) the management of COPD is challenging, as the patients have complex health and social needs requiring long-life monitoring and treatment, Fletcher and Dahl (2013) go further to explain that nurses in comparison to other health professionals are more involved in the care and management of patients with COPD. Therefore, this guideline positively influences the nursing care of patients with COPD by providing information about the basic level of care required and empowering COPD patients to make decisions over their health and care needs (DOH, 2013). Taylor, S., Sohanpal, R., Bremner, S. A., Devine, A., McDaid, D., Fernanded, S. L., et al. (2012). Self- Management Support for Moderate-to-severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. British Journal of Medical Practice, 62. (603), 687-695. The authors study is focused on the importance of self-management education and its contribution to a better quality of life and reduced hospital admission. According to The Health Foundation (2014), self-management education is aimed at improving how people with COPD are supported and empowered to self-manage. The authors aim was to explore the cost effectiveness of self-management programmes and education for COPD. The author’s findings suggest that COPD patients feel useless and helpless to self-manage their condition, therefore the programmes plays a vital role in improving the patient’s quality of life, exercise tolerance and empower them to take control over their health which in turn will reduce exacerbations and rapid deterioration. The outcome of this study has a good chance to meet the UK National Health and Clinical Excellence (2010) criteria on cost-effective approaches to managing COPD. This information could be useful to nursing patients with COPD by underlining the importance of Self-management education, which may include working closely with primary care teams and educating the patients on self-management techniques, like learning to control breathing, being mindful of tiredness due to over exertion on daily activities and eating a well-balanced diet. This would contribute towards living better with the condition (COPD Education, 2014). The authors recognise that nurses play an important role in educating, equipping and supporting the patients to merge their everyday life to suit their long term condition, such as dealing with an altered view of the future and the frustration and depression that may result (Redman, 2004). Part of the nursing care, with patient participation includes creating a short-term personalised action plan, which would be closely monitored to enable the nurse to identify the strengths and areas of development. Fletcher and Dahl (2013) ackn owledges that the purpose of self-management education is to empower patients to improve their health and to restore the highest level of function regardless of the disease stage or following an exacerbation. Cosgrove, D., MacMahon, J., Bourbeau, J., O’Neil, B. (2013). Facilitating education in pulmonary rehabilitation using the living well with COPD programme for pulmonary rehabilitation, 13. (50), 13-50. The author’s presentation of their study, based on the importance of facilitating education in pulmonary rehabilitation was clear and precise as the reader was able to gain a good understanding of the study. Galin and Ognibene (2012), go further to support that a good clinical research study should not be full of medical terminologies, and should be presented with clear and accurate information enabling the reader to grasp the key elements. The author’s aims of the study were to adapt a self-management programme which was Living Well with COPD (LWWCOPD) through pulmonary rehabilitation and then to evaluate its impact. They identify that pulmonary rehabilitation administered after an exacerbation can reduce hospital re-admission and improve the patient’s quality of life as supported by Seymour et al (2010). The author’s findings suggested a positive outcome for the patients, as they felt they were in a friendly and supportive environment to be empowered to manage their condition, especially coping with breathlessness. The British Lung Foundation (2013) supports this evidence as they additionally suggest that pulmonary rehabilitation programmes are designed to help people with COPD to cope with breathlessness and to feel stronger to manage with activities of daily living such as walking, personal care and eating, as they often feel disempowered to self-care. This information could be beneficial to nursing patients with COPD by emphasizing on the importance of evidence based nursing practice to enable accurate and useful information when recommending relevant programmes, which contributes to their on-going care (Deutschman and Neligan, 2010). It is estimated that most patients with COPD will experience at least one hospital admission due to an exacerbation of their condition within three months (DOH, 2012). Therefore based on the information from the Study which suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation reduces hospital re-admission, the nurse plays an important role in encouraging the patients to join the programme which is designed to suit the individual. British Lung Foundation (2013) goes further to suggest that the course will teach the individuals how to increase their exercise tolerance, cope with breathlessness and manage periods of stress and panic. Additionally pulmonary rehabilitation can be beneficial to COPD patients socially, a s it involves interacting with trained professionals and other COPD patients, as due to the nature of the condition social interaction may be difficult (Bellamy and Booker, 2011). In conclusion, this essay has explored three pieces of literature related to COPD with additional evidence to analyse identify and explore how it will influence the nursing care of patients with COPD.

Returning to School at 29: My Experience Essay

Revised Returning to School Returning to school at this time in my life has been a great challenge, I’m 29 years old and I know I have a long ways to go but I’ve had so many dreams ans aspiration that I wanted to complete before I turn 29. I plan to be done with college at 23 years old but ended up becoming pregnant at 22 years old and a mother at 23 years old so that shifted things for me with returning to school fully committed to my studies. During that time I just stayed working and making me and my son’s life a little easier. So when the time was right to start school again I will be fully ready. I’ve always planned to go to college right after high school which I did at Los Angeles Southwest Community College located in California and then drop out because of family issues and continue to tried to find my way back into college enrolling and dropping out not staying focus on my education. And now I’m at a point where I have to finish this time. Returning to college has had it’s moments like when I started school I was afraid of returning because it has been a while since I’ve been in school over 10 years and returning I felt was going to be challenging for me learning new things and grasping new learning materials and being able to complete assignments especially online which was some what new to me because I’ve never went to school online before and didn’t know what to expect. I remember when I was taking my first course I had got a little overwhelm with the homework assignments being due and adjusting to my new post at the Senior Center and my job as a Security Guard and was at a point of wanting to withdraw form school because it. But after getting some guidance form my admission counselor and how he explained to me how dedicated I was in the beginning before returning to school made me realize how unfortunate it would have been to end my education journey just because I got timid and scared and wanted to stop. But has I look back on it I also realize that I was trying to take the easy way out from fears of returning to school. Since that time me returning to school has been a blessing and has giving me a new purpose to my life meaning for me it’s never to late to go back to college no matter how old you get, and I feel good about myself that I’m accomplishing something I’ve always wanted which is graduating from college and earning my degree. Being in college has always been my dream to finish and actually have a good paying job with benefits for me and my son which has always been a goal of mind to not depend on public assistance for healthcare for my son and to be able to do it on my own. In closing I now appreciate my decision on returning to college again and finally reaching my goal that I’ve always wanted. I will continue to stay encourage and positive through my journey to success.

Top Advice on What Are Some Examples of English 1 College Essay Topics

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Anorexia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder Characterized By

Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of putting on weight with a negative attitude towards body weight (medical dictionary). Due to this extensive fear, people eventually starve themselves leading to extremely low body weights. People suffering from Anorexia take extreme efforts to keep their body weights in check by limiting the amount of food they eat. These efforts range from excessive exercise, misusing diet aids to vomiting after eating just to reduce the level of calorie intake. However, it should be noted that Anorexia is less of an issue about food but more of a mental problem whereby people suffering from it equate thinness to self-worth (Mayo Clinic). As such Anorexia is a psychiatric disorder†¦show more content†¦As a result, this treatment procedure aims at not only reversing the complications of the disorder but also remedying the mental distortion of body weight. This has necessitated inclusion of psychotherapy, behavioral and cognitive interventions in the multifaceted treatment program. This approach ensures that while complications are reduced, the root problem is equally dealt with reducing the probability of recurrence. Additionally, the nature of the effective treatment as multi-faceted necessitates a team approach (Mayo clinic). In this process, dieticians, psychologists as well as medical health providers take part. Medical care is important to reverse the complications related to starvation and in some extreme cases may require hospitalization of the person suffering from the disorder. Recovery is hinged on first acquiring a healthy weight and then maintaining it through proper nutrition. For this purpose, psychologists are important in developing behavioral strategies necessary for acquiring the healthy weight which can be maintained with guidance from a nutritionist. As a psychiatric disorder, the importance of psychotherapy could not be overstated (Mayo clinic). Psychotherapy may be family based or individualized to the affected person. Family-based psychotherapy is crucial for teenagers who need help in making right decisions towards restoration of healthy weight and mainly involves parents ensuring their children are well fed. Cases involving adultsShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa Is A Disorder Characterized By Abnormal Eating Behaviors1328 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. People with anorexia have a fear of gaining weight which causes them to try and maintain a low weight. They will do anything to prevent weight gain. This includes starvation and exercising too much. They do this because not only do they have the fear of gaining weight they have a distorted body image which means even if they are extremely thin they will believe that they are overweight. (Ehrlich, 2015). 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(ANAD) Eating disorders are commonly associatedRead MoreEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1658 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen affected by this disorder. The specific disorder that is being referred to in this paper, an eating disorder, is Anorexia Nervosa, the restricting type. An eating disorder â€Å"involve[s] disordered eating behaviors and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight† (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 335). Another well-known eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa which is characterized by binging and purging (Nevid, Rathus, Greene , 2014, p. 338). Bulimia is different than anorexia since victims of bulimia

Learning Grow Your Brain Cells - 1202 Words

Learning: Grow Your Brain Cells In the book Spark, written by Dr. John J. Ratey, he discusses how exercise can positively affect how your brain works. He provides studies and personal experiences to support the claims he makes. I always knew exercise would improve your life but never could have imagined how much it can affect your brain health as well. The chapter I thought spoke the most to me was chapter two, Learning: Grow Your Brain Cells. The chapter starts out by mentions Naperville, which is a school that uses advice from Dr. Ratey to provide help students prime their brains for learning by using exercise. (1) It also mentions new information about brain pathways and connections, and the brain’s plasticity. Since the book is advertised to everyone, Dr. Ratey breaks down how the brain/nerve cells function and the most important neurotransmitters. A nerve cell functions is by having and electrical signal travel down the axon until it reaches the synapse. Once at the synapse a neurotransmitter takes the message from the axon to of the first cells and goes to the receptor of the receiving cell. The receiving cell can either stop the message if it doesn’t receive enough of the stimuli or if it reaches its threshold will fire the message down its axon to the next cell in the nerve pathway. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid commonly referred to as GABA, and glutamate make up around 80 percent of the neurotransmitters found in brain. GABA dampens the activity in the brain whileShow MoreRelatedDo We Learn The Same Way?1632 Words   |  7 Pagessay â€Å"The learning process,† it sounds very boring! I will be telling you about the learning process but in a more interesting concept. There are stages to this process and everyone has to learn but the question is â€Å"Do everyone learn the same way?† Have you ever wanted to know how the learning process work! I will be telling you how these processes work. 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School Based Dental Sealant Programs Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

School based alveolar consonant sealer plans have been spread outing throughout schools in the United States. These plans benefit the kids in forestalling disease and besides profit the health care system. So why is it that so much attending is being brought to sealing cavity and crevices in school aged kids? We will research dental sealers, school based plans, and how these plans benefit the professional universe of health care. We will write a custom essay sample on School Based Dental Sealant Programs Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Body 1 Sealants do non extinguish cavities but aid to protect the dentition from developing cavities. ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Dental sealers can be compared to a plastic like surfacing which bonds to the occlusal surface ( Tomar, A ; Reeves, 2009 ) . Sealants should be applied before the patient is at hazard for sing dental cavities ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . When puting a sealant many things must be taking into consideration, including location, eruption position, and cavity and crevice morphology. Newly erupted, immature tooth enamel is susceptible to cavities because the enamel is more permeable and has a really high organic content degree. It is critical to protect freshly erupted dentition because it increases the overall length of service of the tooth ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Dental cavities normally form in topographic points where plaque has lingered for an drawn-out sum of clip ( Fontana et al. , 2010 ) . About 90 per centum of cavities in kids are found in cavities and crevices of lasting posterior dentitions with grinders being the most susceptible ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Although sealers are normally effectual at forestalling dental cavities sometimes things go incorrect with sealant arrangement and do the sealers to neglect. Sealants fail on different surfaces of the dentition and besides increase with multiple sealers ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Sound and noncavititizd cavities and crevice surfaces are normally sealed with more importance placed on the posterior dentition ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . The success rate on the lasting first grinders is higher than compared to the 2nd grinders. Mandibular dentitions and mesial sites retained sealers better than maxillary dentitions and distal surfaces. The most common ground for sealant failure is taint of the sealant country with spit. Other factors besides contribute to sealant keeping including experience of the clinician and the cooperation of the client. Puting a dental sealer over cavities is a better option than dental disregard or extraction. ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . If non restored, dental cavities will take to trouble, infection and perchance impaired map ( Tomar, A ; Reeves, 2009 ) . Children are non placed at a higher hazard for cavities if they missed a planned reapplication of the sealers. Sealant arrangement can be reversible if needed and allows for the tooth doctor to put Restorations on the tooth if necessary ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Body 2 The benefits of puting sealers on dentitions have been established, so how is the United States implementing this School Based Sealant Programs are by and large aimed toward low income kids. Child from lower income households are less likely to have alveolar consonant attention when compared with higher income households ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Families below the federal poorness threshold are twice every bit likely to develop cavities as kids whose households are above the federal poorness threshold. Children from lower income households typically consume cariogenic diets, have low fluoride consumption, have histories of old cavities and besides infrequent dental visits ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Merely about 20 per centum of kids from low income households have received sealers as compared to forty per centum in higher income households ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Targeting specific races or degrees of income can be considered favoritism. Programs must measure which kids do non have regular alveolar consonant attention and integrate these plans to aim these populations ( Siegal, A ; Detty, 2010 ) . When implementing school based dental sealant plans cost must be taken into consideration ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . It is more effectual and cost conservative to aim populations instead than single kids. Most plans do non hold the support to seal all posterior dentitions, therefore operators must measure the dentitions and determine which teeth are at highest hazard. Programs typically target kids who are in first class to seal first grinders and 6th class to seal 2nd grinders ( Siegal, A ; Detty, 2010 ) . The operator so must utilize selective sealer applications. The ratio of Restoration to sealant cost is 12:1, which means overall it is cheaper to put sealers than to put Restorations in the dentition ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . School based alveolar consonant sealant plans tend to aim populations that are at the highest hazard for dental cavities. The most common manner used to find which populations are at high hazard is finding the per centum of pupils who are enrolled in the free or decreased monetary value repast plans. Parents of kids in these schools are normally asked to make full out studies in which the followers is reported: whether the kid is enrolled in a free or decreased meal plan, if the childaa‚Â ¬a„?s chief beginning of attention is through Medicaid, or if they are uninsured. Planners so use these studies to measure which schools have kids at higher hazards ( Siegal, A ; Detty, 2010 ) . Although the operator accesses each single kid the cavities risk appraisal is done at a group degree ( Fontana et al. , 2010 ) . Parental consent is needed in order to supply the kid with sealers. Timing of ratings of the keeping of the sealers depends on many factors including: the plan aims, alterations in dental stuffs and techniques, and motion of pupils. It has been found that sealers cut down dental cavities by 70 eight per centum one twelvemonth after arrangement and 50 nine per centum after four or more old ages. School based dental sealers are portion of a comprehensive attack to cut down the communityaa‚Â ¬a„?s hazard of kids developing cavities ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Body 3 Through school based dental sealant plans kids receive the benefits of having the sealers while pupils deriving cognition, compassion, and understanding from the experience. These plans provide kids with needed attention that they otherwise would non be able to have. Though these larning experience pupils will normally go advocators for school based dental sealers in more schools in their local countries or hometowns ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Programs such as the school- based dental sealant plans besides help pupils to understand dental wellness disparities. These plans besides help pupils in being comfy functioning many diverse populations A ; have been shown to positively act upon the studentaa‚Â ¬a„?s attitude towards community service ( Holtzman, A ; Seirawan, 2009 ) . Four handed dental medicine is frequently required, giving the pupils the chance to work together and derive apprehensions from each other ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Students work in squads in connexion with the instructors to measure the demands of the patients and this helps to develop communicating between health care suppliers. In add-on to supplying school based dental sealers pupils should experience a duty to educate both kids and grownups in proper unwritten wellness attention. In the 2007 financial twelvemonth, eighty five per centum of describing provinces have a dental sealant plan in topographic point. The figure of kids being served by these plans has about doubled from 2000 to 2007 ( Holtzman, A ; Seirawan, 2009 ) . Decision The enlargement of school based dental sealers has been on the rise in the United States. With progresss kids are able to have the basic attentions needed in order to assist them better protect their dentitions. It is promoting to see the figure of kids profiting from these plans continues to lift. The benefits of cavity and crevice sealers in kids have been proven to be a preventive attack to dentistry. As these plans continue to develop every bit good as become educated. As people continue to go more cognizant of the benefits funding for these plans in schools will go on to lift. Sealants will assist to relieve childrenaa‚Â ¬a„?s emphasiss about sing the tooth doctors. How to cite School Based Dental Sealant Programs Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Moise Butoyi for Marketing Communications-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMoise Butoyi for Marketing Communications. Answer: Theme Full reference Golden threads and evaluation of data source Frames Methods 1. Legal forms Hiller (2013) Improvement in connection between corporate and the society. The legislature allowed independent corporate status. Individual petitions. 2. Dissemination Blankespoor, Miller, White (2013) Dissemination of DAIT enhances symmetry of information of firms. Application of new information technology. Analysis of use of Twitter by firms. 3. Social responsibility Andr (2012) Improved in delivering of social responsibility by the Gray Sector Organization. Identification of benefit corporation and application of theory to analyze its design. Examination of statutes that established benefit corporation in the US. 4. Non-profit organization Stecker (2016) Adoption in behavior of of-profit organization to gain sustainability. Sale of modified enterprises, creation of revenue streams. Enactment of legislatration. 5. Social media Lee, Hutton, Shu, (2015) Use of social media led to improved capital market. Use of social media platforms. Sampling. 6. Model Legislation Loewenstein (2016 Uniformity in benefit corporation legislation Adoption of non-Model Legislation. Uncertain. Social media is a technology that basis on the web, enabling individuals to create, share, and exchange data via networks and social communities. They are more accessible thus allow any person to publish information. Social media allows an organization reach a vast network of customers as well as stakeholders with a message directly and quickly. Also, social media such as the use of Facebook allows multi-dimensional interactions, giving users an opportunity to have a conversation online, with the stakeholders and customers (Murray, (2014). It also enables an organization to bypass intermediaries and spread its messages to a large number of users, without being filtered by traditional media. Social, environmental responsibility is a requirement of the benefit corporation that provides legal protection to assist maximize shareholder profits as well as pursuing an ecological need or agenda. It serves to improve, preserve, and to meet any other requirement for society and the environment. The new Gray Sector Organization thus helps improve social responsibilities. A Benefit Corporation is a legal entity whose obligations are pursuing public benefits, as well as improving returns of the shareholders (Hansmann, (1981). It is a corporate type of business inclusive of the traditional organizational features and societal responsibilities such as preserving the environment, enhancing human health, availing communities with products and services that are of benefit. A B Corp is an entity that prioritizes with shareholders value maximization excluding the value created for all stakeholders (Smith, Zook, (2011). This is done by enhancing credible investment, vailing ratings that are used by investors, and advocate an environment that can be socially useful. Benefit Corporation, on the other hand, addresses shareholders wealth maximization, changing the obligations of officers to incorporate both social and environmental conservation. Social and environmental activities related to measures of conserving the environment, enhancing public health, and delivering public benefits to the society. A BC must deliver the benefits to the public (positive impact on the environment and the society that is compared to a third-party standard ad) (Lee, Hutton, Shu, (2015). The third standard then chooses an authentic, self-standing, and a transparent part to prepare a report. The directors then enforce a right to adopt the benefit purpose in the decision making. Transparency is also vital, hence an independent director should be identified. Lastly, enforcement, the legal action is put into place to bring public benefit. Reference Hansmann, H. B. (1981). Reforming nonprofit corporation law.University of Pennsylvania Law Review,129(3), 497-623. Lee, L. F., Hutton, A. P., Shu, S. (2015). The role of social media in the capital market: evidence from consumer product recalls.Journal of Accounting Research,53(2), 367-404. Murray, J. (2014). Social Enterprise Innovation: Delaware's Public Benefit Corporation Law. Smith, P. R., Zook, Z. (2011).Marketing communications: integrating offline and online with social media. Kogan Page.